Understanding Causality
Copyright: Sanjay Basu Beyond Correlation Imagine you’re a detective trying to solve a mystery, piecing together clues and looking for patterns. You notice an interesting phenomenon: every time it rains, the streets are left glistening and wet. At first glance, it seems obvious to conclude that rain is the cause of these wet streets. Indeed, our everyday experiences lead us to believe that when it rains, the water falls from the sky, and the ground becomes wet as a direct result. However, let’s delve deeper into this idea of causality. Consider another scenario where ice cream sales spike during hot, sunny days, which also happen to coincide with a rise in the number of reported sunburns. On the surface, one might hastily conclude that eating ice cream leads to getting sunburned, as both phenomena appear to occur simultaneously. But logically, we know that indulging in a cold treat on a warm day does not actually cause harmful sun exposure. Instead, both of these events are likel...